Catalyst Impurities: Impurities in the catalyst can introduce unintended active sites that facilitate side reactions. Reaction Conditions: Changes in temperature, pressure, or solvent can alter the behavior of the catalyst, leading to off target activity. Substrate Specificity: Catalysts may interact with multiple substrates or intermediates, leading to non-selective reactions. Deactivation: Catalyst deactivation can expose different active sites, causing off target reactions.
