- Biocatalysts: Enzymes that catalyze reactions under mild conditions, reducing energy consumption and the need for harsh chemicals. - Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs): Highly porous materials that can be engineered to have specific catalytic properties, offering high efficiency and selectivity. - Zeolites: Microporous, aluminosilicate minerals used as catalysts in petrochemical industries, known for their ability to enhance reaction rates and selectivity.
