Identifying off target effects involves a combination of analytical techniques and monitoring reaction outcomes:
Spectroscopic Analysis: Techniques such as NMR, IR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy can help identify unintended reaction products. Chromatography: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) can separate and identify reaction products. Kinetic Studies: Monitoring reaction rates can reveal deviations from expected behavior, indicating off target effects. Computational Modeling: Theoretical methods can predict potential side reactions and guide experimental verification.
