1. Geological Limitations: Many of the key elements used in catalysis are unevenly distributed across the planet, making them geographically scarce. 2. High Demand: The increasing demand for these materials in various industries exacerbates their scarcity. 3. Political and Economic Factors: Trade restrictions, geopolitical tensions, and market monopolies can limit access to these resources. 4. Environmental Concerns: The extraction and processing of these materials often lead to significant environmental degradation, making it less sustainable.
