There are several cutting-edge approaches in catalyst design aimed at mitigating resource scarcity: 1. Single-Atom Catalysts (SACs): These use individual atoms of precious metals, maximizing their efficiency and reducing the quantity required. 2. Nanostructured Catalysts: These offer high surface area and enhanced activity, requiring smaller amounts of active materials. 3. Biocatalysts: Enzymes and other biological molecules are being explored for their catalytic properties, offering a renewable and sustainable alternative.
