While catalysis offers numerous advantages, there are several challenges:
Feedstock Variability: Biomass feedstocks can vary significantly in composition, affecting the efficiency and consistency of catalytic processes. Catalyst Deactivation: Catalysts can lose activity over time due to poisoning, fouling, or sintering, necessitating frequent replacement or regeneration. Process Integration: Integrating biomass conversion processes with existing industrial infrastructure can be complex and costly.
