Various types of catalysts are employed in biomass conversion, including:
Homogeneous Catalysts: These are catalysts that exist in the same phase as the reactants, typically liquids. They are used in processes like transesterification for biodiesel production. Heterogeneous Catalysts: These catalysts exist in a different phase than the reactants, usually solids. They are widely used in processes like hydrodeoxygenation and pyrolysis. Biocatalysts: Enzymes and microorganisms that catalyze biochemical reactions. They are employed in fermentation processes to produce bioethanol and biogas.
