Nitrogen adsorption is commonly measured using techniques such as:
1. BET Analysis: The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method measures the specific surface area of catalysts by analyzing nitrogen adsorption isotherms.
2. Temperature-Programmed Desorption (TPD): This technique involves heating a catalyst sample to desorb adsorbed nitrogen, allowing for the quantification of adsorption strength and capacity.
3. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS): XPS can provide information on the chemical state and environment of adsorbed nitrogen species on the catalyst surface.
