Hydrometallurgical Processes In hydrometallurgical processes, the spent catalysts are treated with acids or other chemicals to leach out the valuable metals. The leachate is then processed to recover the metals in a pure form. This method is highly efficient for extracting precious metals.
Pyrometallurgical Processes Pyrometallurgical processes involve high-temperature treatments to extract metals. The spent catalysts are melted, and the metals are separated based on their melting points. This method is effective for large-scale operations but is energy-intensive.