The efficiency of biodiesel production heavily relies on the choice of catalyst. Both homogeneous catalysts (such as sodium or potassium hydroxide) and heterogeneous catalysts (such as solid acids and bases) are used. Homogeneous catalysts are commonly used due to their high activity, although they pose challenges in separation and purification processes. Heterogeneous catalysts, on the other hand, offer advantages like reusability and easier separation, making the process more sustainable.
