There are several types of biotransformations, primarily categorized by the type of biological catalyst involved:
1. _Enzymatic Catalysis_: Utilizes isolated enzymes to perform specific biochemical reactions. Enzymes like lipases, proteases, and oxidoreductases are commonly used.
2. _Whole-cell Catalysis_: Employs entire microorganisms, such as bacteria, yeast, or fungi, which can carry out multi-step reactions within their cellular environment.
