Various techniques can be employed to monitor catalytic reactions:
Spectroscopy: Techniques like UV-Vis, IR, and NMR spectroscopy provide real-time data on the reaction progress. Chromatography: GC and HPLC are used to analyze the composition of reaction mixtures. Mass Spectrometry: Helps in identifying and quantifying the products and intermediates. Calorimetry: Measures the heat evolved or absorbed during the reaction. In-situ Analysis: Techniques like X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy are used to study the catalyst under reaction conditions.
