The key components of an MPC system include: 1. Mathematical Model: A predictive model that describes the behavior of the catalytic process. This model can be based on first-principles or derived from experimental data. 2. Objective Function: A function that defines the desired outcomes, such as maximizing yield or minimizing energy consumption. 3. Constraints: Limits on process variables that must be respected, such as maximum allowable temperature or pressure. 4. Optimization Algorithm: The computational method used to solve the optimization problem at each control step.
