Long term studies typically involve: 1. Continuous Flow Reactors: Simulating industrial conditions, these reactors allow for the monitoring of catalyst performance over extended periods. 2. Periodic Sampling and Analysis: Regularly sampling the reaction mixture helps track changes in catalyst activity and product distribution. 3. Characterization Techniques: Advanced techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) are used to analyze structural changes in catalysts.
