The V-type ATPase consists of two main sectors: the V1 domain and the Vo domain. The V1 domain, located in the cytoplasm, is responsible for ATP hydrolysis, while the Vo domain, embedded in the membrane, facilitates proton translocation. The catalytic action occurs when ATP binds to specific sites on the V1 domain, causing conformational changes that drive the rotation of the central stalk, ultimately leading to proton translocation through the Vo domain.
