Controlling substrate impurities involves several strategies:
- Purification of Raw Materials: Using high-purity raw materials can reduce the introduction of impurities. Techniques such as recrystallization, distillation, and chromatography are commonly employed.
- Analytical Monitoring: Regular analysis of substrates using techniques like HPLC, GC-MS, and ICP-MS can help identify and quantify impurities.
- Proper Storage: Storing substrates in appropriate conditions (e.g., under inert atmosphere or in moisture-proof containers) can prevent contamination.
- In-situ Treatment: Sometimes, it is possible to treat the substrate in situ to remove impurities, such as by using scavengers or adsorbents.
