Immunogenicity can be assessed through various in vitro and in vivo methods:
In Vitro Assays: These include cell-based assays that measure cytokine release, cell proliferation, and other immune responses when exposed to the catalyst. Animal Models: Animal studies can provide insights into the systemic immune response and potential adverse effects of the catalyst. Clinical Trials: For catalysts intended for medical use, clinical trials are essential to evaluate immunogenicity in humans.
