What Factors Influence Immunogenicity in Catalysts?
Several factors can influence the immunogenicity of catalysts:
Material Composition: The type of material used, such as metals, polymers, or nanoparticles, can affect immunogenicity. For example, certain metals like nickel and cobalt are known to be highly immunogenic. Surface Properties: The surface charge, hydrophobicity, and presence of functional groups can impact how the immune system recognizes and responds to the catalyst. Particle Size: Nanoparticles often have different immunogenic properties compared to their bulk counterparts due to their high surface area-to-volume ratio. Coatings and Modifications: Surface modifications, such as PEGylation, can reduce immunogenicity by making the material less recognizable to the immune system.
