Several techniques can be used to measure binding interactions:
- Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC): Measures the heat change during the binding process. - Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR): Monitors the binding events in real-time by measuring changes in refractive index near the surface of a sensor chip. - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Provides detailed information about the molecular environment and can be used to study binding interactions at an atomic level.