Various techniques are employed to apply ceramic coatings to catalytic materials, including:
Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): A process where volatile precursors react on a substrate to form a solid ceramic coating. Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD): Involves the physical transfer of material from a target source to the substrate. Sol-Gel Process: A wet-chemical technique for fabricating ceramic coatings. Thermal Spraying: Uses a heat source to melt and propel coating material onto the substrate.