Thermal Degradation: Prolonged exposure to high temperatures can cause structural changes in the catalyst material, leading to reduced performance. Sintering: At elevated temperatures, catalyst particles can agglomerate, reducing surface area and active sites available for reactions. Poisoning: Impurities or reaction by-products can adsorb onto the catalyst surface, blocking active sites and hindering catalysis. Fouling: Accumulation of carbonaceous deposits or other materials can cover the catalyst surface, preventing reactants from accessing active sites. Physical Attrition: Mechanical wear and tear can lead to the breakdown of catalyst particles, reducing their effectiveness.
