Researchers use various techniques to study catalyst aging:
Spectroscopy: Techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy help in understanding structural changes. Microscopy: Electron microscopy can reveal morphological changes and sintering effects. Temperature-Programmed Desorption (TPD): This technique helps in studying surface poisoning by measuring the desorption of adsorbed species. Reaction Testing: Assessing the catalytic performance under simulated industrial conditions provides insights into aging behavior.
