Understanding intermediate samples is crucial for several reasons: 1. Mechanistic Insights: Identifying intermediates helps in elucidating the reaction mechanism, which is essential for optimizing catalyst performance. 2. Catalyst Design: Knowledge of intermediates can aid in the design of more effective catalysts by tailoring the active sites to favor the formation of desired intermediates. 3. Process Optimization: By understanding the nature and behavior of intermediates, reaction conditions can be optimized to improve yield and selectivity.