In the realm of catalysis, diagnostic assays play a critical role in several aspects: - Identifying Active Sites: Understanding where reactions occur on a catalyst surface. - Monitoring Catalyst Deactivation: Detecting loss of activity over time due to poisoning, sintering, or coking. - Evaluating Catalyst Efficiency: Quantifying the turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF). - Mechanistic Insights: Elucidating reaction pathways and intermediates.