What Techniques are Used to Study Electron Interactions in Catalysis?
Several advanced techniques are used to study electron interactions in catalysis. Techniques like X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS), and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) provide insights into the electronic states of the catalyst. Computational methods, such as Density Functional Theory (DFT), are also employed to model and predict electron interactions at the atomic level.
