What Techniques are Used to Overcome Resolution Limitations?
Several advanced techniques are employed to overcome resolution limitations in catalysis:
- Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): TEM provides high-resolution images of catalyst structures but can struggle with dynamic processes due to electron beam damage. - Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM): STM offers atomic-level surface images but requires ultra-high vacuum conditions, which may not represent real-world catalytic environments. - X-ray Diffraction (XRD): XRD is useful for determining crystal structures but often lacks the resolution to capture defects and amorphous phases. - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): NMR can provide detailed information on the local environment of atoms but is limited by low sensitivity and resolution in heterogeneous systems.
