What Techniques are Used to Characterize Low Coordination Sites?
Several advanced techniques are employed to characterize LCS, including:
- Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM): Allows for atomic-scale visualization of surface topography. - Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): Provides detailed images of nanoparticle morphology. - X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS): Analyzes the electronic states and composition of surfaces. - Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS): Offers insights into the local atomic environment.