Spectroscopic techniques such as Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) are commonly used in catalysis studies. Hereâs how to interpret data from these techniques:
- IR Spectroscopy: Identifies functional groups and can monitor changes in these groups during the reaction. - NMR Spectroscopy: Provides information on the chemical environment of atoms in the catalyst and reactants. - XPS: Offers insights into the oxidation states and elemental composition of the catalyst surface.
