What Techniques are Used in Synchrotron-Based Catalysis Research?
Several advanced techniques are employed in synchrotron-based catalysis research:
1. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS): This technique provides information on the electronic state and local geometric structure of the catalyst. It is particularly useful for studying the oxidation states and coordination environments of active sites.
2. X-ray Diffraction (XRD): XRD is used to determine the crystalline structure and phase composition of catalytic materials. It can reveal changes in the structure during catalytic reactions.
3. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS): XPS offers insights into the surface chemistry of catalysts, including information about elemental composition and chemical states.
4. Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS): SAXS is used to study the size, shape, and distribution of nanoparticles in catalytic materials.
5. X-ray Microscopy: This technique allows for high-resolution imaging of catalytic materials, providing spatially resolved information about their composition and structure.
