Several analytical techniques can be employed to monitor the progress of a catalyzed reaction:
Spectroscopy: Techniques such as UV-Vis, IR, and NMR spectroscopy can provide information on the concentration of reactants and products. Chromatography: Gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are commonly used to separate and quantify reaction components. Mass Spectrometry: This technique can provide detailed information on the molecular weight and structure of reaction intermediates and products. Calorimetry: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) can measure heat changes associated with the reaction, providing insights into reaction thermodynamics.
