What Techniques Are Used to Measure Surface Roughness?
Several techniques are employed to measure surface roughness, including:
1. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): AFM provides high-resolution images of the surface, allowing for precise measurement of surface roughness at the nanometer scale.
2. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): SEM offers detailed images of the surface topography, which can be used to assess surface roughness.
3. Profilometry: This technique involves dragging a stylus across the surface to measure its profile. It is commonly used to quantify surface roughness in terms of parameters like Ra (average roughness) and Rz (mean roughness depth).
