What Techniques are Used for Condition Monitoring?
Several advanced techniques are employed to monitor the condition of catalysts:
Spectroscopy: Techniques like IR, UV-Vis, and Raman spectroscopy help in understanding the chemical environment of the catalyst. Microscopy: Electron microscopy (TEM, SEM) provides detailed images of the catalyst's surface. Temperature-Programmed Techniques: TPR, TPD, and TPO help in understanding the redox behavior and adsorption properties. X-ray Diffraction (XRD): Helps in identifying crystalline phases and monitoring structural changes. Mass Spectrometry: Useful for analyzing the composition of gases evolving during the reaction.
