What Role Do Ligands Play in Electron Distribution?
Ligands surrounding a metal center in a catalyst can profoundly influence its electron distribution. These ligands can donate or withdraw electrons, thereby modifying the electron density at the active site. For example, electron-donating ligands can increase the electron density on the metal, making it more nucleophilic and enhancing its ability to activate electrophilic reactants. Conversely, electron-withdrawing ligands can decrease the electron density, making the metal more electrophilic and better suited for activating nucleophilic reactants.
