The performance of TWCs heavily depends on the materials used. The core components include:
Precious Metals: Platinum, palladium, and rhodium are the primary catalysts. Ceramic Substrate: This provides a large surface area for the catalyst to be dispersed on, usually made of materials like cordierite. Washcoat: A layer that enhances the surface area, often composed of alumina (Al2O3), ceria (CeO2), and other oxides.
