TWCs function by providing a surface for the exhaust gases to interact with. This surface is often coated with precious metals such as platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), and rhodium (Rh). These metals act as catalysts, promoting the necessary chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. The exhaust gases flow through the catalytic converter, where they come into contact with the catalyst-coated substrate, facilitating the conversion of harmful pollutants into less harmful substances.
