X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a powerful analytical technique used to determine the crystalline structure of a material. When X-rays are directed at a crystalline substance, they are diffracted in specific directions. By measuring the angles and intensities of these diffracted beams, it is possible to deduce the crystal structure of the material. XRD is extensively used to characterize the phases present in a catalyst, identify any impurities, and analyze the crystallite size and shape.
