The design of novel catalysts is essential for several reasons: 1. Efficiency Improvement: New catalysts can enhance the efficiency of industrial processes, reducing energy consumption. 2. Selectivity: Improved catalysts can offer better selectivity, leading to fewer by-products and higher yields. 3. Environmental Impact: Novel catalysts can help in developing greener processes that produce less waste and fewer harmful emissions. 4. Cost Reduction: Efficient catalysts can reduce the overall cost of production by enabling more efficient use of raw materials.