Deaminase enzymes, such as cytosine deaminase and adenine deaminase, are key players in base editing. These enzymes catalyze the removal of an amino group from cytosine or adenine, facilitating the conversion into uracil or inosine, respectively. These base changes are then recognized by the DNA repair mechanisms, which replace uracil with thymine (T) and inosine with guanine (G), leading to a permanent conversion.