HDR involves several key steps, starting with the recognition of a DSB. This is followed by the resection of the 5' ends to produce 3' single-stranded DNA overhangs. These overhangs are then used to invade a homologous DNA sequence, which serves as a template for repair. The process is facilitated by various enzymes and co-factors that ensure high fidelity and efficiency. Key players include proteins such as RAD51, which promotes strand invasion and pairing, and BRCA1 and BRCA2, which are involved in the regulation and initiation of the repair process.
