Protein glycosylation is a critical post-translational modification where carbohydrate moieties are covalently attached to specific amino acid residues in proteins. This process significantly impacts protein folding, stability, and function. Glycosylation occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus, involving a series of enzymatic reactions catalyzed by various glycosyltransferases and glycosidases.
