1. Surface Properties of the Catalyst: The surface area, roughness, and chemical composition of the catalyst play a significant role. 2. Nature of Reactants: The size, shape, and functional groups of the reactant molecules affect how well they can adhere to the catalyst surface. 3. Environmental Conditions: Temperature, pressure, and the presence of other chemicals can impact adhesion. 4. Presence of Promoters or Inhibitors: Certain additives can enhance or hinder adhesion by modifying the surface properties of the catalyst.