HSQC stands for Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence, a type of two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. It is a powerful technique used for identifying heteronuclear correlations between different types of nuclei, such as hydrogen (¹H) and carbon (¹³C) or nitrogen (¹⁵N). This method is particularly useful in studying complex molecules and their interactions, making it a valuable tool in the field of catalysis.