Several factors contribute to the high R&D costs in catalysis:
Sophisticated Equipment: Advanced analytical instruments like NMR, XRD, and TEM are essential for characterizing catalysts. Complex Synthesis: Creating catalysts often requires multiple, intricate steps, each necessitating precise conditions and reagents. Specialized Personnel: Highly trained scientists with expertise in materials science, chemistry, and engineering are essential. Long Development Cycles: The process from discovery to commercialization can take years, involving multiple iterations and optimizations. Regulatory Approvals: For catalysts used in pharmaceuticals or food processing, extensive testing and regulatory approvals are necessary.
