What Factors Affect the Performance of a Three-Way Catalytic Converter?
Several factors influence the performance of a three-way catalytic converter:
- Temperature: The converter needs to reach a certain temperature, often referred to as the "light-off" temperature, to become effective. Cold starts can be problematic because the exhaust gases are not hot enough to enable catalytic reactions.
- Air-to-Fuel Ratio: The stoichiometric ratio (14.7:1 for gasoline engines) is critical. Deviations can lead to incomplete conversion of pollutants.
- Aging and Poisoning: Over time, catalysts can become less effective due to thermal degradation or contamination by substances like lead or sulfur.
