A microscopic understanding of catalysis provides several advantages: 1. Mechanistic Insights: It reveals the mechanisms by which catalysts operate, including the identification of active sites. 2. Optimization: It allows for the rational design and optimization of catalysts for specific reactions. 3. Efficiency: Understanding the atomic-level processes can lead to more efficient and sustainable catalytic processes. 4. Selectivity: It aids in designing catalysts that are more selective, reducing the formation of unwanted by-products.