The basic setup for simple distillation includes a distillation flask, a heat source, a condenser, and a receiving flask. The distillation flask holds the liquid mixture, which is heated until the more volatile component vaporizes. The vapor travels through the condenser, where it is cooled and converted back into liquid form in the receiving flask. Modern setups may also include additional components such as thermometers, vacuum pumps, and automated controllers to improve efficiency and control.
