Several factors contribute to the overall costs in catalysis, including:
Raw materials: The cost of raw materials, such as metals or chemical precursors, can be substantial, especially for precious metals like platinum or palladium. Catalyst Preparation: The synthesis and preparation of catalysts often involve complex and expensive processes, including purification and activation steps. Operational Costs: These include energy consumption, labor, and maintenance associated with catalytic reactors and other equipment. Recycling and Disposal: The costs related to the recycling or disposal of spent catalysts and other waste materials.
