temperature programmed ammonia desorption (tpad)

What are the Limitations of TPAD?

While TPAD is a powerful tool, it has some limitations:
Non-Specificity: TPAD cannot distinguish between different types of acid sites without additional techniques.
Sensitivity to Experimental Conditions: The desorption profile can be influenced by factors such as the heating rate, flow rate of the carrier gas, and sample preparation.
Quantitative Accuracy: While it provides qualitative and semi-quantitative information, the absolute quantification of acid sites may require complementary methods.

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