temperature programmed ammonia desorption (tpad)

What Information Can Be Gained from TPAD?

TPAD provides several key pieces of information:
Acid Site Density: The total amount of ammonia desorbed correlates with the number of acid sites on the catalyst.
Acid Strength Distribution: The temperature at which ammonia desorbs indicates the strength of the acid sites. Lower temperatures suggest weaker acid sites, while higher temperatures indicate stronger acid sites.
Type of Acid Sites: By combining TPAD with other techniques like infrared spectroscopy (IR), it is possible to distinguish between different types of acid sites (e.g., Brønsted vs. Lewis acids).

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