What are the Disadvantages of Top-Down Approaches?
1. Energy-Intensive: Processes like milling and etching can be highly energy-intensive, making them less sustainable in the long term. 2. Waste Generation: These methods often produce a significant amount of waste material, which needs to be managed effectively to minimize environmental impact. 3. Limitations in Nano-Scale Control: While top-down approaches offer good control over size and shape, achieving atomic-level precision is often challenging, which can limit their effectiveness in certain catalytic applications.
